Most of the cases were referred to our centers after an initial brush cytology was inconclusive for malignancy. There was no significant difference in the age, sex and procedure indication between the two groups. Final diagnoses werecholangiocarcinoma (n=61), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n=9); and benign strictures (n=75). The overall sensitivity of FISH and SB for the detection of malignancy were 78% and 60% respectively (p<0.05). There

was no significant difference between the specificity of FISH and SB brushings (93% and 100% respectively; p = 0.09). We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of these two strategies in cases where we performed the initial diagnostic study (“native cases”) and found the sensitivity and specificity of FISH and SB to be 75%, 92% and 55.3% and 100% (p<0.05). MG-132 cell line In patients with indeterminate bile duct strictures, cytology combined with FISH had a greater sensitivity when compared to Spyglass targeted biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant strictures.. These data suggest that FISH should be included in the initial diagnostic algorithm of indeterminate strictures and further work is necessary to understand selleck products the combined accuracy of these modalities “
“The prevalence of lumbopelvic

pain (LPP) during pregnancy has been extensively investigated (Wu et al., 2004, Vleeming et al., 2008 and Vermani et al., 2010). In these studies, the frequency of LPP during pregnancy is reported to range from 3.9 to 89.9% (Wu et al., 2004). This wide range is partly due to differences in the selected population (e.g. in early pregnancy or late pregnancy, or postpartum) and in study design (e.g. retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional). Moreover variation of studied populations is important: low back pain (LBP), pelvic girdle pain (PGP) or a combination of LBP and PGP (commonly labeled LPP). The wide range of severity is one of the reasons for ongoing discussions about LPP during pregnancy: some physicians regard severe pain and disability due to LPP during pregnancy as exceptional, and label claims for high frequencies of severe Cell press problems as a product

of “hysteria and quackery” (Renckens, 2000 and Renckens, 2004). The present study aims to objectify the severity of signs and symptoms related to LPP during the third quartile of uncomplicated pregnancy. A battery of self-assessment scales and clinical tests was selected, partly based on the European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PGP and partly on the everyday routine of clinical practice (Vleeming et al., 2008). A total of 182 participants were included from three midwifery practices. All pregnant women between 20 and 30 weeks of pregnancy visiting the three participating practices were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: aged over 18 years, and having an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy.