Granulomatous lung lesion can be secondary to infectious causes, such as tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterium, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. Non-infectious granulomatous diseases like sarcoidosis, berylliosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss disease, and even foreign body granulomatous reaction need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.

The patient’s immune status is important in evaluating granulomatous lung lesions so extensive find more investigation should be started in these transplant patients because sirolimus associated pulmonary toxicity should be a diagnosis of exclusion. Morelon et al.3 developed the following diagnosis criteria for sirolimus induced lung disease: 1. Exposure to sirolimus preceding the onset of pulmonary symptoms. In the case we describe the patient was switched to sirolimus two months before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Cultures and serologies did not show evidence of infection, and the patient did not improve after empiric antibiotic and antifungal therapy. The resolution of symptoms and radiographic findings after

sirolimus discontinuation Venetoclax research buy supported the diagnosis of sirolimus induced granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis with Naranjo score of 6 (Table 2) which means probable adverse drug reaction. Although the benefit of steroid has not been clearly documented, our patient received methylprednisone and was discharged on prednisone. We describe a patient with a renal transplant for polycystic kidney disease who developed respiratory

symptoms and Thiamine-diphosphate kinase interstitial infiltrates after the addition of sirolimus. After opportunistic infection and other autoimmune related pulmonary conditions are excluded, drug-induced pulmonary hypersensitivity should be in the differential diagnosis in these patients. Discontinuation of the culprit drug can be life saving. The authors have no conflicts of interest. No financial support was received for this study. “
“A 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of progressive exertional dyspnoea. He had smoked 30 cigarettes daily, but had ceased smoking 10 years before presentation. There was a history of systemic hypertension treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. There was no other medical history of note and in particular no history of chronic liver disease or hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Physical examination was unremarkable with no signs of cardiac defeat, no cardiac murmurs and no adventitial sounds on auscultation of the chest. Chest X-ray showed no abnormality. Spirometry showed an FEV1 of 3.52 l (110% predicted), and an FVC of 4.36 l (105% predicted), (FEV1/FVC 81%). Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was 49% predicted. High resolution CT scans showed no significant lung parenchymal abnormality. A CT pulmonary angiogram showed no thromboembolic disease. An isotope ventilation perfusion scan was unremarkable.