Nevertheless, the effective monitoring Epacadostat purchase of marine production is practically impossible using only traditional methods. During the last four decades, another way of solving these problems has been developed using numerical methods describing the bioproductivity of marine basins. Mathematical models of ecosystems can also be used as tools for forecasting and

evaluating the influence of human activities, for analysing future changes in an ecosystem and for visualizing the influence of external factors (Gordon et al. 1995). The main aim of this work was to study how atmospheric physical parameters (wind speed, air temperature and short-wave radiation) affect the distribution of the phytoplankton biomass in the Baltic Sea. However, the influence of biogeochemical processes, e.g. nutrient concentrations increasing or decreasing through the influx of INNO-406 ic50 nutrients from rivers and the atmosphere, on the investigated variables is not considered. This has been examined in another paper (submitted separately, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. 2011). The 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea was developed at the Institute of Oceanology PAN. It can be used to estimate

annual, seasonal, monthly and daily variability in particular parameters, the impact of climatic conditions over several years, and the influence of hydrophysical and biochemical processes on temporal and spatial distributions. The CEMBSv1 model is embedded in the existing 3D hydrodynamic model of the Baltic Sea. Pregnenolone The POPCICE sea-ice model prescribed in the ECOOP IP WP 10 project (European COastal-shelf sea Operational observing and forecasting system integrated Project) is used to apply biological equations to plankton systems (see Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. 2010a for the POC model, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. 2010b for the copepod model, and here for CEMBSv1). The model employs the Parallel Ocean Program and Community Ice CodE (POPCICE). Both the ocean and the ice models are from the Los Alamos National Laboratory

(LANL). POPCICE is forced using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data: 2-m temperature and dew point, long- and short-wave radiation (downward), 10-m wind speed and air-ocean wind stress. The ocean model time step is 480 s and the ice model time step is 1440 s. The horizontal resolution for the ice and ocean model is ~9 km (1/12 degree). The vertical resolution (ocean model) is 21 levels (for the Baltic Sea ~18 levels). The model domain and bathymetry (represented by vertical levels) are presented in Figure 1. There are two images: the left-hand one shows the bathymetry in the model coordinates, the right-hand one the same bathymetry as a geographic projection. The colour scale represents model levels (not depth).