Hence, the anion chemosensors operate by a deprotonation mechanism of the central N-H proton rather than by hydrogen bonding as is

often reported.”
“gamma-Secretase is a distinct proteolytic complex required for the activation of many transmembrane proteins. The cleavage of substrates by gamma-secretase plays diverse biological roles in producing essential products for the organism. More than 90 transmembrane proteins have been reported to be substrates of gamma-secretase. Two of the most widely known and studied of these substrates are the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the Notch receptor, which are precursors for the generation of amyloid-beta (A beta) and the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), respectively. The wide spectrum of gamma-secretase substrates has made analyses of the pathology of gamma-secretase-related diseases and underlying mechanisms challenging. Inflammation is an important aspect of RG-7112 mouse disease pathology that requires an in-depth analysis. gamma-Secretase may contribute to disease development or progression by directly increasing and regulating production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review summarizes recent evidence for a role of gamma-secretase

in inflammatory diseases, and discusses the potential use of gamma-secretase inhibitors as an effective future treatment option. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background and Objectives: Repeated checking leads to a shift from perceptual to semantic P005091 in vivo level of information processing, increasing an individual’s doubt in their memory. Cognitive restructuring (CR) targeting content of OCD cognitions has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of OCD. Detached mindfulness (DM) is a novel metacognitive intervention that aims to suspend conceptual processing, thereby providing individuals with more objective meta-awareness, helping GSI-IX them to disengage from biased thinking. The present study compared the effects of DM and CR in reducing the doubt-inducing effect of compulsive checking on memory and checking behaviours. Methods: Sixty-five undergraduates were randomly assigned into CR, DM and control groups. Participants completed

a repeated checking task found previously to produce OCD-like effects of memory distrust and an increased urge to check. Following this, participants received either a brief CT or brief DM intervention, or an unrelated control task. Participants were provided with an opportunity to check their final responses. Results: Compared to the control group, DM and CR interventions were comparable and significantly more effective in reducing rechecking, while DM had additional benefits in ameliorating effects of reduced memory distrust. Limitations: Results were based on non-clinical participants, and utilised low intensity CR and DM interventions. Conclusions: Results provide initial support for the use of CR and DM in reducing the effect of repeated checking. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.