Under high electric field, the high polarity of the crystal phase

Under high electric field, the high polarity of the crystal phases favored high-maximum, remnant, and irreversible polarization of the films. The lower crystallinity of the

films with the same crystal phases GDC-0973 mouse led to a higher maximum and remnant polarization but a lower irreversible polarization. Under direct-current electric field, the discharged energy efficiency was mainly dominated by the polar nature of crystal phases. Under an electric field below 300 MV/m, the discharged energy density and energy loss of the three kinds of films were rather close, regardless of the phase transition. When the electric field was over 300 MV/m, the overall discharged energy density was dominated by the practical breakdown strength. gamma-PVDF with a proper crystallinity and crystal grain size is expected to realize an energy density over 10 J/cm(3) under an electric field over

400 MV/m. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1659-1668, 2011″
“The precise aetiology of benign prostatic BAY 73-4506 hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear; however, it is known that immunological inflammatory processes have a role in the pathogenesis of BPH initiation and progression. Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inducible expression is closely correlated with prostatic disease, including prostate cancer and BPH. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NOS2 polymorphisms and BPH. With a cohort of 205 controls and 229 BPH subjects, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene, including rs2779248 (promoter, -278 T/C), rs10459953 (5′-untranslated region) and rs2297518 (exon 16, missense, Ser608Leu), using direct sequencing and restriction fragment BKM120 nmr length polymorphism. The genotypic and allelic frequencies between control and BPH subjects were compared, and the associations among the BPH subjects were analyzed. SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer and HelixTree programmes were used to analyze SNPs.

There was no association on SNPs between control and BPH subjects. When BPH subjects were analyzed, there was no association on SNPs between the low and high prostate-specific antigen groups. However, one SNP (rs10459953, odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.65, P < 0.0001, in codominant model; OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12-0.46, P < 0.0001, in dominant model; and OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86, P = 0.015, in recessive model) was associated with prostatic volume in BPH. We detected a strong association in genotype frequencies of NOS2 SNP (rs10459953) between subjects with small and large prostatic volume in BPH. The result suggests that NOS2 may be associated with prostatic volume in BPH.”
“Carbon diffusion is observed in single crystal alpha-Al2O3 substrates from carbon and Ti2AlC thin films synthesized via pulsed cathodic arc deposition. Diffusion was found to occur at substrate temperatures of 570 degrees C and above.

Comments are closed.