In the order Caudata, the hepatocytes were rounded, and had a large rounded nucleus. The sinusoidal capillaries were narrow with short tortuous capillaries. The parenchyma arrangements of some

genus Hynobius (nebulosus, dunni, and naevius) were of the combined several- and two-cell-thick plate types (Figure 1f), but other genus Hynobius groups, genus Andrias and the Salamandridae family were of the combined one- and two-cell-thick plate type (Figure 1g). A few urodeles, (Hynobius retardatus, Onnychodactylus japonicus, and Cynops pyrrhogaster), are shown as the one-cell-thick plate type. In the order Gymnophiona, the hepatocytes were square, and had a this website large rounded nucleus. The sinusoidal capillaries were enlarged. The parenchyma arrangement was the one-cell-thick plate type (Figure 1h). In the order Anura, the hepatocytes were square and polyhedral, and had a small rounded nucleus. The sinusoidal capillaries were enlarged, and the parenchyma arrangement was the one-cell-thick plate type (Figure 1i). Hematopoietic tissue structures Hematopoietic tissue structures were observed in the three regions: (a) portal triad region (PTR), (b) perihepatic subcapsular region (PSR), and (c) inter-hepatic lobular nodule (Figures 2a-c). In PTR,

numerous hematopoietic cells were observed in the connective tissue (Figure 2a). The PSR, usually selleckchem two to six cell layers thick, almost completely enveloped the hepatic parenchyma, with occasional sites where hepatic parenchymal cells and visceral peritoneum adjoined. This tissue contained neutrophils and eoshinophils (Figure 2b).

In the hepatic lobule, hematopoietic nodules were observed in the sinusoidal capillaries with involvement in the Kupffer cells (Figure 2c). Figure 2 High magnification light micrographs of hematopoietic tissue structures in the liver. (a) Portal triad region (PTR). Numerous hematopoietic cells are seen in the connective tissue of the portal space. Selleck NVP-BGJ398 Spotted salamanders (Hynobius naevius). (b) Perihepatic subcapsular region (PSR). PSR is usually two to six cell layers thick, almost completely enveloping the hepatic parenchyma, with the visceral peritoneum adjoining (arrows). This tissue contains neutrophils (arrows) and eosinophils. African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). (c) Inter-hepatic lobular nodule. Numerous hematopoietic cells (arrows) Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) are seen in the sinusoidal capillaries of the hepatic lobule. Sakishima rice frog (Rana sp.). Scale bars = 100 μm. In the order Caudata, the liver consisted of several incompletely separated lobes of parenchymal tissue, each of which was covered by a PSR of hematopoietic tissue. Hematopoietic tissue was also shown in both the portal triads, and was also observed in the inter-hepatic nodule. In the order Gymnophiona, the liver also consisted of several incompletely separated lobes of parenchymal tissue, each of which was covered by a PSR of hematopoietic tissue.