In addition, imaging modalities are rarely compared on a lesion-by-lesion basis in the same cohort of patient, leading to selection bias, particularly in favor of MRI and FDG-PET. In a study comparing MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA versus PET with CECT in 68 patients undergoing both modalities, MRI demonstrated a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to PET-CECT, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical especially for lesions smaller than 1 cm (28). A similar study comparing MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA versus PET-CT (without contrast) also showed a higher sensitivity for MRI (29). These studies reflect our own institutional experience:

CT, FDG-PET and MRI have a comparable sensitivity for detection of large liver metastases (Figure 1). However, MRI excels at detection of subcentimeter liver metastases Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical compared to CT and FDG-PET, especially with the combination of DWI and hepatocyte-specific contrast agents (Figure 2). Volumetrics One of the most important factors to consider when planning liver resection is the amount of functional parenchyma that will remain after surgery. This is a product of the preserved parenchymal volume and the overall hepatic function. A cursory estimation of liver function can be assessed preoperatively by measurement of hepatic synthetic capability

such as production of albumin or clotting factors or its ability to clear Dactolisib molecular weight bilirubin from the blood. If a more Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical quantitative determination of liver function is needed, a MEGX test can be performed, which evaluates the liver’s ability to convert lidocaine Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to its metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide (30). Alternatively, an indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test may be used, which measures the rate of removal of a hepatically excreted dye from the bloodstream (31). This may be particularly important in patients who have been treated with hepatotoxic chemotherapy preoperatively. To estimate the volume of remnant liver following resection, volumetrics is used. First described by Heymsfield (32) in the late 1970s, CT volumetrics uses multiple axial

cross-sectional images to recreate the three- dimensional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical structure of the liver. Using a two-dimensional image from the CT, Rolziracetam the outline of the liver is manually traced using appropriate software. This is repeated every 5-10 mm until the entire volume of the liver is calculated. Tumors, cysts and prior ablation cavities should be excluded as these do not significantly contribute to hepatic function. Next, this process is repeated, but this time the outline of the proposed liver remnant is drawn. Typically the venous phase of the CT scan is used for volumetric analysis so that the segmental liver anatomy can be readily identified. The quotient of the calculated remnant and total liver volumes provides the future liver remnant volume, which represents the percentage of hepatic parenchyma remaining.