5), 150 mM NaCl, 5% skimmed milk, 0.01% Tween 20, and 0.1% NaN3] at 4°C overnight, anti-human Tamm–Horsfall protein monoclonal antibody (Cedarlane Laboratories Ltd.) was added at 1/1000 dilution and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. After washing with the washing solution [50 mM Tris−HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 0.01% Tween 20], HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Zymed Laboratories Inc.) was added to the washing solution at 1/1000 dilution and incubated for Selleck PLX-4720 1 h at room temperature and then washed with the washing solution. The membrane was developed by substrate solution [8.3 mM Tris–HCl (pH 6.5), 125 mM NaCl, 0.05% 4-chloro-1-naphthol, 0.01% hydrogen peroxide].

Detection of a urinary IgA–uromodulin complex by ELISA assay A ninety-six-well microtiter plate (NUNC, Polysorp) was coated with anti-human Tamm–Horsfall protein monoclonal antibody [10 μg/ml with 50 mM Tris−HCl (pH 7.5) and 0.15 M NaCl, 50 μl/well] at 4°C overnight. After washing three times with washing solution [50 mM Tris−HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 0.01% Tween 20], RGFP966 concentration wells of the plate were incubated with blocking solution [50% N102; Nippon-Yusi Co. Ltd., 25 mM Tris−HCl (pH 7.5), 75 mM NaCl, and 2% Block-Ace (Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd.)] at 4°C overnight and washed with the washing solution before use. Urine specimens diluted 1/50 with the dilution medium [50% N102; Nippon-Yusi Co. Ltd., 50 mM Tris−HCl (pH

DOK2 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, and 2% Block-Ace (Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma

Co. Ltd.)] were added to the wells (50 μl each), and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. After washing three times with the washing solution, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-human IgA (Zymed) diluted with Can Get Signal® Solution 2 (TOYOBO Co., Ltd.) at 1/3000 dilution was injected into each well (50 μl/well), and left to react for 1 h at room temperature. After washing three times with washing solution, 3,3′5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) Liquid Substrate System for ELISA (Sigma) (50 μl/well) was injected, and left to react for 30 min at room temperature. 0.5 M sulfuric acid was added (50 μl/well), and optical density (OD) was measured at 450 nm with wavelength correction at 650 nm. Results LGK-974 clinical trial Comprehensive analysis of the IgA IC in urine Proteins forming a complex with IgA in urine were isolated from two IgAN patients and a healthy control by using anti-human IgA antibody-immobilized beads and control beads. Isolated proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE (Fig. 1a). Compared with the urine of the healthy volunteer, many proteins were isolated from the urine of IgAN patients by IP using anti-human IgA antibody. In contrast, only a few proteins were identified from control beads (Fig. 1b). These results showed that proteins isolated from anti-IgA-immobilized beads specifically interacted with anti-human IgA antibody and many urine proteins exist as a complex with IgA in urine.