We recommend that headache medicine specialists and other physicians who evaluate and treat headache disorders should use this list when discussing care with patients. In 2012, the American Board

of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation launched a campaign called Choosing Wisely. The goal of the project was to encourage discussion about medical care that might be unnecessary or even harmful.[1] Project leaders invited physician specialty societies to submit lists of five things that “physicians and patients should question” Y 27632 in order to make “wise decisions about the most appropriate care based on the individual situation.” The head of the ABIM Foundation, Dr. Christine Cassel, remarked that these lists were “intended to start a national conversation about eliminating waste and unnecessary tests and buy Roxadustat procedures that don’t benefit the patient and can even cause harm.”[2] The first set of lists by nine societies was released in April 2012. The announcement generated substantial attention in the lay press as well as the medical community.[3] The second set of lists by 16 societies was released in early 2013 and generated a similar amount of attention. The American Headache

Society (AHS) has joined roughly 30 other specialty societies that are participating in the creation of the third set of lists. This paper describes

the AHS list development process and provides the rationale and supporting evidence for each recommendation. The ABIM requested that each participating specialty society identify commonly used tests, medications, or other treatments in their specialty for which harms often outweigh benefits, or which are known to be misused or overused. Participating societies were free to develop their own methods for list creation as long as the process was documented and described. The AHS president appointed an ad hoc AHS “Choosing Wisely” committee DOK2 of eight headache specialists. The committee was intended to be broadly representative of the AHS membership, and included trainee members, members in private practice, as well as academic headache specialists with expertise in evidence appraisal and synthesis. Committee members were: Elizabeth Loder, AHS President and Chair; Stephen Silberstein, Chair of the AHS Guidelines and Position Statement Committee; Benjamin Frishberg; Randolph W. Evans; Jessica Ailani; Scott Litin; Josif Stakic; and Donald Dworek. The committee sent an electronic survey to AHS members in order to generate a list of candidate items for the list.